Are Synthetic Playing Surfaces As Safe as Natural Grass?
Synthetic playing surfaces were initially developed in the 1960’s with the reported advantages over natural surfaces of being a durable, versatile surface, less affected by weather conditions, allowing multi-sport use, having easier maintenance, and being more cost-effective. However, the early generation surfaces did not provide much shock absorption and allowed for increased traction between the surface and athletic shoes, predisposing athletes to more impact type injuries
Muscle Cramps — More than Just Dehydration
Muscle cramps are a debilitating and painful experience that occurs during or shortly after exercise. In the past, muscle cramps were thought to have been caused by dehydration and electrolyte loss, commonly seen in high intensity workouts and game competition. Athletes who developed cramps were treated with massage, as well as rehydration using water and/or fluids containing electrolytes. Medical professionals taking care of athletes commonly recommended significant hydratio
